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Oil spillage, due to either direct or indirect accidents, can cause major environmental and economic issues if not detected and remedied immediately. In this study, the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown a substantial sensing capability for such a purpose when incorporated into a nanostructured composite material. A high efficiency self-sensing nanocomposite sensor was fabricated by inserting highly conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into an elastomeric polymer substrate. The microstructure of the nanocomposite sensor was studied using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The response rate of the sensor was evaluated against different MWCNT concentrations, geometrical thickness and applied strains (causing by stretching). The results indicated that the response rate of the sensor (β) decreased with increasing MWCNT concentration and showed the strongest response when the sensor contained a 1.0 wt.% concentration of MWCNT’s. Additionally, it was found that the response time of the self-sensing nanocomposite sensors decreased in keeping with decreases in the sensor thickness. Moreover, when the sensor was subjected to strain, whilst immersed in an oil bath, it was found that the response rate (β) of the unstretched self-sensing nanocomposite sensor was significantly lower than that of the stretched one. The sensors given a 3% applied strain presented a response rate (β) ≈ 7.91 times higher than of the unstretched one. The self-sensing nanocomposite sensor described here shows good potential to be employed for oil leakage detection purposes due to its effective self-damage sensing capability and high sensing efficiency, and low power consumption.

The fabrication and testing of a self-sensing MWCNT nanocomposite sensor for oil leak detection