Isolation and Characterization of Magbane, a Magnesium-Lethal Mutant of Paramecium

Discerning the mechanisms responsible for membrane excitation and ionic control in Paramecium has been facilitated by the availability of genetic mutants that are defective in these pathways. Such mutants typically are selected on the basis of behavioral anomalies or resistance to ions. There have been few attempts to isolate ion-sensitive strains, despite the insights that might be gained from studies of their phenotypes. Here, we report isolation of "magbane," an ion-sensitive strain that is susceptible to Mg2+. Whereas the wild type tolerated the addition of > or =20 mm MgCl2 to the culture medium before growth was slowed and ultimately suppressed (at >40 mm), mgx mutation slowed growth at 10 mm. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype resulted from a recessive single-gene mutation that had not been described previously. We additionally noted that a mutant that was well described previously (restless) is also highly sensitive to Mg2+. This mutant is characterized by an inability to control membrane potential when extracellular K+ concentrations are lowered, due to inappropriate regulation of a Ca2+-dependent K+ current. However, comparing the mgx and rst mutant phenotypes suggested that two independent mechanisms might be responsible for their Mg2+ lethality. The possibility that mgx mutation may adversely affect a transporter that is required for maintaining low intracellular Mg2+ is considered.