Evidence That the Transcriptional Regulators SIN3 and RPD3, and a Novel Gene (SDS3) with Similar Functions, Are Involved in Transcriptional Silencing in S. cerevisiae

In a screen for extragenic suppressors of a silencing defective rap 1s hmr delta A strain, recessive mutations in 21 different genes were found that restored repression to HMR. We describe the characterization of three of these SDS (suppressors of defective silencing) genes. SDS16 and SDS6 are known transcriptional modifiers, SIN3(RPD1/UME4/SDI1/GAM2) and RPD3(SDI2), respectively, while the third is a novel gene, SDS3. SDS3 shares the meiotic functions of SIN3 and RPD3 in that it represses IME2 in haploid cells and is necessary for sporulation in diploid cells. However, sds3 mutations differ from sin3 and rpd3 mutations in that they do not derepress TRK2. These sds mutations suppress a variety of cis- and trans-defects, which impair the establishment of silencing at HMR. Any one of the sds mutations slightly increases telomere position effect while a striking synergistic increase in repression is observed in a rap 1s background. Epistasis studies suggest that SDS3 works in a different pathway from RPD3 and SIN3 to affect silencing at HMR. Together these results show that defects in certain general transcriptional modifiers can have a pronounced influence on position-effect gene silencing in yeast. Mechanisms for this increase in position effect are discussed.