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Structure of the GCM domain–DNA complex: a DNA‐binding domain with a novel fold and mode of target site recognition
Author(s) -
Cohen Serge X.,
Moulin Martine,
Hashemolhosseini Said,
Kilian Karin,
Wegner Michael,
Müller Christoph W.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.1093/emboj/cdg182
Subject(s) - biology , domain (mathematical analysis) , humanities , gcm transcription factors , art history , philosophy , art , mathematics , general circulation model , mathematical analysis , ecology , climate change
Glia cell missing (GCM) transcription factors form a small family of transcriptional regulators in metazoans. The prototypical Drosophila GCM protein directs the differentiation of neuron precursor cells into glia cells, whereas mammalian GCM proteins are involved in placenta and parathyroid development. GCM proteins share a highly conserved 150 amino acid residue region responsible for DNA binding, known as the GCM domain. Here we present the crystal structure of the GCM domain from murine GCMa bound to its octameric DNA target site at 2.85 Å resolution. The GCM domain exhibits a novel fold consisting of two domains tethered together by one of two structural Zn ions. We observe the novel use of a β‐sheet in DNA recognition, whereby a five‐ stranded β‐sheet protrudes into the major groove perpendicular to the DNA axis. The structure combined with mutational analysis of the target site and of DNA‐contacting residues provides insight into DNA recognition by this new type of Zn‐containing DNA‐binding domain.