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And a Hockey Game Broke Out: Crime and Punishment in the NHL
Author(s) -
Heckelman Jac C.,
Yates Andrew J.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
economic inquiry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.823
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1465-7295
pISSN - 0095-2583
DOI - 10.1093/ei/cbg038
Subject(s) - league , punishment (psychology) , enforcement , economics , natural experiment , advertising , business , psychology , law , political science , social psychology , mathematics , statistics , physics , astronomy
We apply the economic theory of crime to the National Hockey League. We analyze a natural experiment in which games during the 1999–2000 season had either one or two referees. We determine the effect of the number of referees on both the number of penalties called and the number of rules infractions committed by players. The results indicate that increasing the number of referees leads to greater enforcement of the rules but does not significantly deter players from committing infractions. (JEL D0 , K4 )