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Subsidies and Crowding Out: A Double‐Hurdle Model of Fertilizer Demand in Malawi
Author(s) -
Ricker-Gilbert Jacob,
Jayne Thomas S.,
Chirwa Ephraim
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
american journal of agricultural economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.949
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1467-8276
pISSN - 0002-9092
DOI - 10.1093/ajae/aaq122
Subject(s) - subsidy , fertilizer , endogeneity , crowds , crowding out , agricultural economics , economics , agriculture , agronomy , ecology , mathematics , biology , econometrics , statistics , monetary economics , market economy
This article uses a double‐hurdle model with panel data from Malawi to investigate how fertilizer subsidies affect farmer demand for commercial fertilizer. The article controls for potential endogeneity caused by the nonrandom targeting of fertilizer subsidy recipients. Results show that on average 1 additional kilogram of subsidized fertilizer crowds out 0.22 kg of commercial fertilizer, but crowding out ranges from 0.18 among the poorest farmers to 0.30 among relatively nonpoor farmers. This indicates that targeting fertilizer subsidies to the rural poor is likely to maximize the contribution of the subsidy program to total fertilizer use.