Open AccessThe Immune System and Its Contribution to Variability in Regenerative Medicine
Author(s) -
Erika Moore,
David R. Maestas,
Hannah Y. Comeau,
Jennifer Elisseeff
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
tissue engineering. part b, reviews/tissue engineering. part b, reviews.
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.579
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1937-3376
pISSN - 1937-3368
DOI - 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0335
Subject(s) - immune system , tissue engineering , regenerative medicine , regeneration (biology) , tissue repair , medicine , disease , stem cell , immunology , biology , pathology , biomedical engineering , microbiology and biotechnology
The immune system plays a critical role in directing tissue repair and regeneration outcomes. Tissue engineering technologies that are designed to promote new tissue growth will therefore be impacted by immune factors that are present in patients both locally at the site of intervention and systemically. The immune state of patients can be influenced by many factors, including infection, nutrition, and other disease comorbidities. As a result, the immune state is highly variable and may be a source of variability in tissue-engineered products in the clinic, which is not found in preclinical models. In this review, we will summarize key immune cells and evidence of their activity in tissue repair and potential in tissue engineering systems. We also discuss how clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies, in particular stem cells, helped elucidate the importance of the immune system. With increased understanding of the immune system's role in repair and tissue engineering systems, it will likely become a therapeutic target and component of future therapies.