Open AccessEngineering Biological Electron Transfer and Redox Pathways for Nanoparticle Synthesis
Author(s) -
James Boedicker,
Manasi S. Gangan,
Kyle L. Naughton,
Fengjie Zhao,
Jeffrey A. Gralnick,
Mohamed Y. ElNaggar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
bioelectricity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2576-3113
pISSN - 2576-3105
DOI - 10.1089/bioe.2021.0010
Subject(s) - multicellular organism , electron transfer , nanotechnology , electron transport chain , redox , bacteria , nanoparticle , electron acceptor , synthetic biology , geobacter , chemistry , materials science , biochemical engineering , biology , cell , computational biology , biochemistry , biofilm , genetics , organic chemistry , engineering
Many species of bacteria are naturally capable of types of electron transport not observed in eukaryotic cells. Some species live in environments containing heavy metals not typically encountered by cells of multicellular organisms, such as arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, leading to the evolution of enzymes to deal with these environmental toxins. Bacteria also inhabit a variety of extreme environments, and are capable of respiration even in the absence of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. Over the years, several of these exotic redox and electron transport pathways have been discovered and characterized in molecular-level detail, and more recently synthetic biology has begun to utilize these pathways to engineer cells capable of detecting and processing a variety of metals and semimetals. One such application is the biologically controlled synthesis of nanoparticles. This review will introduce the basic concepts of bacterial metal reduction, summarize recent work in engineering bacteria for nanoparticle production, and highlight the most cutting-edge work in the characterization and application of bacterial electron transport pathways.