Open AccessAtomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing: perspectives and measures
Author(s) -
Fengzhou Fang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of extreme manufacturing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2631-8644
pISSN - 2631-7990
DOI - 10.1088/2631-7990/aba495
Subject(s) - manufacturing engineering , scale (ratio) , nanoscopic scale , atomic units , manufacturing process , advanced manufacturing , production (economics) , craft , manufacturing , mechanical engineering , nanometre , nanotechnology , materials science , engineering , physics , business , composite material , history , archaeology , quantum mechanics , marketing , economics , macroeconomics
This article presents the three paradigms of manufacturing advancement: Manufacturing I, craft-based manufacturing by hand, as in the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages, in whichmanufacturing precision was at the millimeter scale; Manufacturing II, precision-controllablemanufacturing using machinery whereby the scales of material removal, migration, and additionwere reduced from millimeters to micrometers and even nanometers; and Manufacturing III,manufacturing objectives and processes are directly focused on atoms, spanning the macro throughthe micro- to the nanoscale, whereby manufacturing is based on removal, migration, andaddition at the atomic scale, namely, atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM). Atypical characteristic of ACSM is that energy directly impacts the atom to be removed, migrated,and added. ACSM, as the next generation of manufacturing technology, will be employed tobuild atomic-scale features for required functions and performance with the capacity of massproduction. It will be the leading development trend in manufacturing technology and will play a significant role in the manufacture of high-end components and future products.