Open AccessA porous microneedle electrochemical glucose sensor fabricated on a scaffold of a polymer monolith
Author(s) -
Hiroyuki Kai,
Akichika Kumatani
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
jphys energy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2515-7655
DOI - 10.1088/2515-7655/abe4a1
Subject(s) - materials science , electrode , amperometry , porosity , glycidyl methacrylate , glucose oxidase , monolith , electrochemistry , chemical engineering , polymer , working electrode , composite material , biosensor , nanotechnology , chemistry , catalysis , copolymer , organic chemistry , engineering
Porous microneedle electrodes with pores of ∼1 µ m diameter were fabricated by electroless plating of nickel followed by gold on a polymer monolith of poly(glycidyl methacrylate). The specific surface area of the fabricated electrode evaluated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method was 2.559 ± 0.050 m 2 g −1 (standard error of mean), while that of the non-porous control was <0.001 m 2 g −1 . Electrochemical glucose sensors were then fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the gold-plated microneedle electrodes. The sensitivity of the porous microneedle glucose sensor between 0 and 15 mM glucose was 22.99 ± 0.72 µ A mM −1 , and that of the non-porous control was 3.16 ± 0.56 µ A mM −1 . The amperometry of glucose concentration in solution was demonstrated using the fabricated electrode as a working electrode, along with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and gold counter electrode both of which were made of microneedles. These results indicate the advantages of porous structures for electrochemical sensing with increased sensitivity.