Open AccessEfficient second harmonic generation in lithium niobate on insulator waveguides and its pitfalls
Author(s) -
Andreas Boes,
Lin Chang,
Thach G. Nguyen,
Guanghui Ren,
John E. Bowers,
Arnan Mitchell
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
jphys photonics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2515-7647
DOI - 10.1088/2515-7647/abd23a
Subject(s) - lithium niobate , second harmonic generation , materials science , insulator (electricity) , leakage (economics) , wavelength , optics , optoelectronics , nonlinear optics , physics , laser , economics , macroeconomics
In this contribution, we investigate second harmonic generation (SHG) in periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) on insulator waveguides and examine under what conditions such waveguides suffer from undesirable loss due to lateral leakage. We investigate the lateral leakage losses in X-cut and Z-cut LN for the fundamental (1550 nm) and second harmonic (775 nm) wavelengths. Our findings show that Z-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is more likely to suffer from lateral leakage and has a lower SHG efficiency. We further provide design guidelines for highly efficient nonlinear optical waveguides in LNOI and show how lateral leakage can be avoided.