Total phase shift of terahertz wave in a rectangular waveguide with zero-refractive index metamaterial

In many applications, appropriate spatial phase shifts in propagation of a THz wave are desired. Serving this purpose, a rectangular waveguide with two-dimensional photonic crystal zero-refractive index metamaterial is studied. In this structure, additional phase shift is computed in a numerical method in comparison with the same waveguide without zero-refractive index metamaterial. Modelling the characteristics of this waveguide, relations are presented which are shown to be compatible with numerical results. Then getting in inverse direction, a procedure is introduced in which, equivalent photonic crystals can be designed in terms of an arbitrary given phase shift with estimated errors of less than 1 degree. We also have calculated the sensitivity of additional phase difference with respect to the refractive index of rods, which showed relatively high dependence.