Whispering gallery and surface mode of electrons in lateral and corrugated quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) are fundamental elements in the applications related to light–matter interaction, such as solar cells, lasers and sensors. Moreover, some modes of electrons including whispering galley modes (WGMs) and surface modes can be incorporated in many electronic systems, in high Q-resonators, and quantized reflection/transmission. Therefore, controlling and manipulating their energy spectra is vital. Here, we investigate energy spectra as well as WGM and surface mode of electrons in lateral and corrugated QDs. Although, lateral QDs are usually modelled by a 2D harmonic oscillator (with zero thickness), we show that even very small thickness of dots can change their energy spectra, also they can contain surface mode of electrons. Moreover, we investigate WGM in deformed QDs, and the dots which contain corners in their outermost region, and show that some degenerated points would be created. Meanwhile, in the corrugated QDs, the wavefunction would be distributed in the specific teeth based on its energy level.