Open AccessFerromagnetism in undoped ZnO grown by pulsed laser deposition
Author(s) -
Waqar Azeem,
Ching Hsing Luo,
Chi Xu,
Shengqiang Zhou,
A. Wagner,
Maik Butterling,
Muhammad Younas,
Francis ChiChung Ling
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
materials research express
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.383
H-Index - 35
ISSN - 2053-1591
DOI - 10.1088/2053-1591/ab8c71
Subject(s) - pulsed laser deposition , materials science , magnetization , ferromagnetism , sapphire , magnetometer , grain boundary , condensed matter physics , grain size , spectroscopy , vacancy defect , analytical chemistry (journal) , laser , thin film , chemistry , magnetic field , metallurgy , nanotechnology , optics , physics , microstructure , quantum mechanics , chromatography
Undoped ZnO films grown on sapphire by pulsed laser deposition are magnetic at room temperature. A comprehensive study involving x-ray diffraction, positron annihilation spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum Interference device-vibrating sample magnetometer is performed to study the origin of the observed magnetization. Correlations between the saturation magnetization, V Zn −2V O concentration and surface to volume ratio of the grain found experimentally show that the magnetization is associated with the vacancy cluster and probably V Zn −2V O residing on the grain surface.