Open AccessAnalysis of Cementing Carbonation During Co2 Sequestration
Author(s) -
S. Zakariya,
Tee T. Yao,
Akhmal Sidek
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/884/1/012024
Subject(s) - carbonation , compressive strength , cement , portland cement , carbon dioxide , carbon sequestration , calcite , environmental science , greenhouse gas , materials science , mineralogy , waste management , environmental chemistry , metallurgy , composite material , chemistry , geology , engineering , organic chemistry , oceanography
Effects of global warming are well-known to be caused by emissions of greenhouse gases. As an effort to alleviate the gases production, Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is implied in oil and gas practices where carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) is captured from different emission sites and injected into geological formations. However, problems arised in sequestration projects as exposure of CO 2 degraded the Portland-based cement in the wellbore. Consecutively, the cement cracked and leakage of CO 2 contaminated the underground drinking water. Hence, this paper aims to understand the physical and chemical reaction between CO 2 and Class G cement further. Class G cement was obtained from Schlumberger Kemaman Supply Base and tested with water according to American Petroleum Institute (API) standard which water to cement ratio was set to 0:44:1. All of the samples were exposed to CO 2 for six, eight and ten days accordingly and analyzed with unconfined compression, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) testings. Ten days of CO 2 exposure towards Class G cement showed the lowest compressive strength as to be compared to other samples. Carbonation reaction between water and CO 2 was diagnosed to take place causing the cement to loose its strength. FESEM analysis on the other hand showed that the surface of the sample were uneven with long-shaped crystals with supporting XRD data presented large number of calcium carbonate ((Ca(CO) 3 ). Nevertheless, the unexposed sample showed the opposite result with highest value of compressive strain and large number of calcium hydroxide ((Ca(OH) 2 ).