Open AccessCrystallinity of nanocellulose isolated from the flower waste of pine tree (Pinus merkusii)
Author(s) -
Mahrullina Mahirotul Aisiyah,
Masruri Masruri,
Arie Srihardyastutie
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/833/1/012003
Subject(s) - nanocellulose , crystallinity , cellulose , sodium hydroxide , materials science , acetic acid , acid hydrolysis , hydrolysis , nuclear chemistry , pulp and paper industry , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , engineering
Pine flower is an agricultural waste that has high cellulose content. Cellulose is a major material for making nanocellulose. Nanocellulose has been isolated from the flower waste of the pine tree ( Pinus merkusii ). The process was initiated by delignification and bleaching process with sodium hydroxide 6% and sodium hypochlorite 6% followed by hydrolysis with acetic acid under stirring at 45°C for 1 hour. Three different concentrations of acetic acid (10%, 30%, and 60%) were studied toward nanocellulose crystallinity. Nanocellulose was characterized by FTIR, XRD spectroscopy, and TEM analysis. The result shows that the % yield of nanocellulose was 87.4%, 94.2%, and 91.8% respectively. Nanocellulose has high crystallinity as indicated by the crystallinity index. Besides, the nanocellulose width is 12.82 – 21.36 nm and the length is 267.12 – 326.87 nm.