Biogasoline production via catalytic cracking process using zeolite and zeolite catalyst modified with metals: a review

Biogasoline as an alternative fuel from vegetable oil is increasingly being studied by universities, research institutions, governments and others. The fact that the low yield of biogasoline is produced, the length of reaction time, how much energy is needed during the reaction, the high reaction temperature and expensive operating costs is a challenge in the scientific world to improve and develop further research. An appropriate process technology is needed in order to produce biogasoline fuel which is equivalent to the results of petroleum fractionation. Catalytic cracking process is one of the processes that are widely studied to produce biogasoline. Along with the development of biogasoline production, the use of catalysts in the cracking process has become increasingly diverse. It is in this paper that various biogasoline production with cracking processes using catalysts focused on zeolite and zeolite catalysts modified with metals will be reviewed, including an overview of cracking raw materials, types and characteristics of zeolite catalysts, operating conditions, and how the performance of each catalyst. Zeolite catalyst which is a heterogeneous catalyst is considered to have a good ability in selectivity, activity, and ease of modification so it is very influential on cracking results. Some zeolite catalysts modified with metals such as Zn/Zeolite, Au/HZSM-5, Ni-Mo/zeolite, Pd/HZSM-5, Pt/HZSM-5 are reported to be able to provide good performance to increase biogasoline yield and certainly become a useful new catalyst in the scientific world.