Human Location Classification for Outdoor Environment

Outdoor localisation can offer great capabilities in security and perimeter surveillance applications. The localisation of people become more challenges when involving with the nonlinear environment. GPS and CCTV are two localisation techniques usually use to localise human in an outdoor environment. However, they have weaknesses which result in low localisation accuracy. Therefore, the application of Device-free localisation (DFL), together with the Internet of things (IoT) is more appropriate due to their capability to detect the human body in all environmental conditions, and there is no problem losing signals as faced by GPS. This system offers excellent potential in humans localisation because humans can be detected wirelessly without any tracking device attached. In developing the DFL system, the main concern is the localisation accuracy. Although the existing DFL system gives significant result to the localisation, the accuracy is still low due to the large variation in RSSI values. Hence, a Radio Tomographic Imaging-based ANN classification (RTI-ANN) approach is proposed to increase the localisation accuracy. This Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is designed to learn the Radio Tomography imaging (RTI) input for classification purpose. Even though the RTI gives a good result to the localisation, however, it suffers from smearing effect. To eliminates this smearing area and background noise, pre-processing of the RTI image is required. Thus, extracting the valuable information technique from the RTI image has been proposed. By extracting the valuable information data from the RTI image, about 61% to 66% of the smearing noise is removed depending on the size of the RTI image. Only data directly associated with human attenuation used for training and learning of ANN. The experimental results show ANN system can localise human in the right zone for a given dataset.