Open AccessReduction behavior of medium grade manganese ore from Karangnunggal during a sintering process in methane gas
Author(s) -
H. Aripin,
Edvin Priatna,
Nundang Busaeri,
Nurul Hiron,
S. Sabchevski
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/550/1/012036
Subject(s) - manganese , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , scanning electron microscope , methane , sintering , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , metallurgy , mineralogy , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , environmental chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering
In this investigation, manganese has been produced from medium grade manganese ore from Karangnunggal mine (West Java, Indonesia). The effects of keeping it at a temperature of 1200°C in methane gas on the structural properties have been studied. The material’s properties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It has been found that MnO 2 is reduced to hausmannite (Mn 3 O 4 ), manganosite (MnO) and manganese carbide (Mn 7 C 3 ). An increase of the keeping time up to 45 minutes during the sintering process leads to an increase of the MnO concentration, while at 90 minutes, the concentration decreases. The analysis based on the interpretation of both XRD patterns and FTIR spectrum allows one to explain the blockage in the particle surface of the ore by an increase of the carbon deposition.