The Effectiveness of Demolished Tile Material for Soil Improvement: A Review

Recently, many researchers have reported the effects of non-traditional additives, on soils geotechnical properties and proven these additives are extensively used to solve the problematic soil. However, there is a lack of publications on the fundamental microstructural behaviour of non-traditional additives treated clay soil soils and their influence on the engineering behaviour. Therefore, this paper focused on determining the improvement mechanism for stabilization and the performance of clay soil mixed with two types of additives: traditional and non-traditional additives, namely cement and Demolished Tile Waste (DTM). A microstructural study pH analysis had been conducted and reviewed to elucidate the stabilization mechanism. It also includes an unconfined compressive test, oedometer consolidation test and compaction test used to assess the stabilized soil’s engineering properties. The laboratory tests showed the effectiveness of the additive on stabilizing the soft clay by using DTM. The microstructural tests results indicated the formation of new mineral products in the mixtures, identified as sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (NASH) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) for soils treated with DTM. In the nutshell, at an early period the selected additive had expected to increase the strength of soft soil. Thus, the application combination stabilizer helps to reduce cost for the geotechnical project.