Open AccessFabrication and Characterization of PLA/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanocomposite Filaments for 3D Printing Application
Author(s) -
Kusmono Kusmono,
O E R Wiratma
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/1096/1/012055
Subject(s) - materials science , ultimate tensile strength , polylactic acid , composite material , thermal stability , nanocomposite , extrusion , cellulose , thermoplastic , plastics extrusion , polymer , chemical engineering , engineering
3D process is an additive manufacturing process widely used due to its low cost, high production rates, and ease process. One of the thermoplastic materials commonly used is polylactic acid (PLA). However, PLA has some weakness including low strength and thermal stability. To improve these properties, the addition of the reinforcement materials into the pure PLA must be done and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is one of the potential reinforcement materials. The influence of NCC addition on the tensile and thermal properties of PLA/NCC nanocomposite filament was investigated. NCC was isolated from the ramie fibers using sulphuric acid hydrolysis. Dried NCC powder and PLA pellets were hand-mixed with different NCC concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The filament was prepared using a single-screw extruder machine at 185°C under the constant speed. It was found that the diameter of the filament was lower than that of the nozzle of the extrusion machine. The addition of 1 wt% of NCC into the pure PLA increased the tensile strength by 19.04% (from 48.41 to 57.63 MPa) and elastic modulus by 13.47% (from 1791.62 to 2033.07 MPa). The addition of NCC more than 1 wt% decreased the tensile strength and elastic modulus. The optimum NCC loading was achieved at 1 wt%. The presence of NCC had no a significant effect on the thermal stability of the pure PLA.