Open AccessThe effect of KOH concentration and calcination temperature on the cement clinker catalyst activity in the transesterification of off-grade palm oil into biodiesel
Author(s) -
Zuchra Helwani,
W. S. Negara,
Ida Zahrina,
Said Zul Amraini,
Ghazi Mauer Idroes,
Muslem,
Rinaldi Idroes
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/1087/1/012061
Subject(s) - calcination , transesterification , catalysis , biodiesel , methanol , materials science , biodiesel production , yield (engineering) , clinker (cement) , cement , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , soybean oil , chemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , portland cement , engineering , food science
Cement clinker has been researched and has shown good performance as a heterogeneous catalyst in the biodiesel production process. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize a cement clinker/KOH catalyst, to determine the effect of KOH concentration and calcination temperature on biodiesel yield. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation-calcination in the various KOH concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% and the calcination temperature of 500, 600 and 700 °C. The transesterification process was carried out for 3 hours with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 4:1, reaction temperature of 65 °C, catalyst concentration of 6% wt oil, and stirring of 400 rpm. The results showed that the catalyst with the KOH concentration of 15% and the calcination temperature of 700 °C had the best performance with a biodiesel yield of 88.82%. The catalyst has a surface area of 9.622 m 2 /g, basicity of H_> 12.2 and a crystalline phase of 3CaO.SiO 2 , K 2 CO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , and K 2 O. From the research, it is known that calcination temperature and KOH concentration in the impregnation process are directly proportional to the biodiesel yield.