Open AccessReview Calcium Alginate Beads as Immobilizing Matrix of Functional Cells: Extrusion Dripping Method, Characteristics, and Application
Author(s) -
Astrilia Damayanti,
Andri Cahyo Kumoro,
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iop conference series. materials science and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1757-899X
pISSN - 1757-8981
DOI - 10.1088/1757-899x/1053/1/012017
Subject(s) - calcium alginate , bead , extrusion , sodium alginate , biohydrogen , matrix (chemical analysis) , chemistry , adsorption , chemical engineering , vinasse , polymer , wastewater , chromatography , materials science , calcium , sodium , waste management , biochemistry , catalysis , fermentation , composite material , organic chemistry , hydrogen production , engineering
Sodium alginate is the polymer matrix most commonly used for the immobilization of cells, enzymes, and microalgae for various purposes. One of the bead immobilization preparations is the droplet extrusion method in which CaCl 2 is the adsorbent. However, the use of CaCl 2 , which is a cross-linking agent, can increase alginate susceptibility. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the application of immobilized cells in the form of reused beads for the production of biohydrogen and bioethanol, as well as beads for removing heavy metals from wastewater, and removing potassium from vinasse. Meanwhile, the immobilized cells used were cow dung, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ), and D. subspicatus . All reported applications have shown that the initial bead shape of the drip extrusion method was spherical. However, over time the alginate beads become eroded due to repeated use. Round beads occurred when using 2% alginate concentration and the performance was optimum compared to 1% and 2% of alginate concentrations even though the cross-linked concentrations varied.