Efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivation of soybean for grain in different ecological zones of Western Siberia

The results of three-year studies (2019-2021) on the study of the effeciencyof growing different varieties of soybean for grain in the ecological zones of Western Siberia (forest-steppe, steppe) are presented. The experiments were carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk region, gray forest soil of the Novosibirsk region and the Tomsk region and Kulunda steppe of the Novosibirsk region. It has been established that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, in the production of soybean grain it is efficient to use varieties Omskaya 4, SibSFI 315, Gorinskaya, Krasnoobskaya, Avanta and Bara, providing a yield level of 2-3.5 t/ha. on leached chernozem and gray forest soil. Photosynthetic parameters (leaf area and Photosynthetic Potential (PSP)) were observed when sowing different varieties of soybeans of the Siberian selection SibSFI 315, Krasnoobskaya, Gorinskaya and Omskaya 4, especially when sowing in the third decade of May and with a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces of viable seeds per hectare. It was found that the yield of soybean varieties is higher when sown in the third decade of May. It is statistically determined that the yield of soybean grain depended on the technology element by 36%, genotype - 23% and weather conditions - 21%. The efficiency of irrigation is shown at a level of moisture supply of 70-80% of the highest moisture capacity (HMC) in the arid steppe Kulunda zone of Western Siberia: an increase in yield is of 160-190%, the efficiency of fertilizer application against the background of irrigation increases by 45%.