Analysis of outdoor thermal comfort using three-dimensional microclimate modelling in Surabaya

Surabaya is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia. The large population in Surabaya causes a lot of development and land conversion. This situation can affect the temperature in Surabaya to be higher than the surrounding area, thus affecting the comfort of people for outdoor activities. The level of comfort can be known when the microclimate conditions in the area have been identified. This paper aims to analyze outdoor thermal conditions using temperature, humidity, wind, and land use data which will be visualized in three dimensions to get a more comprehensive understanding. This research is located in Pakuwon Trade Center (PTC). Data acquisition was carried out on four different types of land cover, namely local residential, apartments, main parking lots, and real estate area. The results show that apartments have the lowest comfort index followed by real estate, local residential, and main parking lots. However, the four areas have comfort from warm to hot with a predicted percentage of the discomfort of around 75% - 100%. This number shows that mitigation that can reduce extreme heat and increase outdoor comfort in PTC is needed.