Multi-response optimization of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste and its characteristics

The tapioca-based starch industry produces solid waste in abundance that has not been used optimally, especially the cellulose fraction. This study aimed to optimize the H 2 O 2 concentration and the process temperature of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste. Statistical regression modeling and optimization of H 2 O 2 concentration and process temperature using the response surface methodology. A central composite design (CCD) was applied for experimental design and analysis of the effect of H 2 O 2 concentration and process temperature on multi-response characteristics of cellulose, consisting of whiteness index (WI), yield, and α-cellulose content. Cellulose fibers were characterized, including surface morphology, crystallinity degree, and thermal stability. The results showed that the H 2 O 2 concentration and process temperature were significantly affected by WI, yield, and α-cellulose content. The maximum WI, yield, and α-cellulose content were 63.99%, 65.73% (w/w), and 78.31% (w/w), respectively, obtained from H 2 O 2 concentration of 22.62% (v/v) and process temperature of 93.51ºC. This cellulose has a relatively coarse fiber formation, with a high degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. Thus, cellulose from TSW might have a potential to be applied in broader fields.