Open AccessClassification of Some Spring Waters in Erbil Governorate Using Different Methods
Author(s) -
K. S. Rajab,
Akram Othman Esmail
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iop conference series. earth and environmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1755-1307
pISSN - 1755-1315
DOI - 10.1088/1755-1315/761/1/012014
Subject(s) - dry season , spring (device) , wet season , water quality , irrigation , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental science , principal component analysis , mathematics , biology , ecology , geology , mechanical engineering , statistics , geotechnical engineering , engineering
This study was conducted during 2020, The water samples were taken on June and October,2020 which were represent wet and dry season respectively from 22 springs in Erbil governorate. Some water chemical properties and heavy metals were determined at both wet and dry season, the studied spring waters were classified according to some systems or methods such as classes depending on restriction of use, irrigation water quality index, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In general, the results depending on the mentioned methods of classifications had similar results. The water for 12, 8 and 2 springs had none restriction, slight to moderate and severe restriction of uses at wet season respectively, while in dry season the water for 9, 9 and 4 springs had None restriction, slight to moderate and severe restriction of uses respectively due increase in water EC values in dry season in comparing with wet season. Depending on IWQI values using all the studied water parameters the water for 15and 7 springs had excellent and good class respectively,while depending on IWQI for EC only the water for (13,5,and 4) springs in wet season and the water for(12,4 and 4) springs in dry season had excellent,good and poor classes respectively. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis also classified the spring water samples into three classes also.