Assessment of the environmental impact of anti-icing materials on plant bioindicators

The article examines the physicochemical effect of anti-icing materials, such as sodium and calcium chlorides, XNKM (Russia) and created on the basis of mineral raw materials of the Astrakhan region (AR), on the state of plant bioindicators. The effect of salts contained in various brands of anti-icing materials on the quantitative content of photosynthetic pigments in test objects - tomato and sunflower - was studied. The choice of test objects is determined by the geographic location of the Astrakhan region and natural and climatic factors. The elemental composition of mineral raw materials was studied by X-ray spectral-fluorescent elemental analysis. Analysis of the elemental composition of AR opoka and AR marl makes it possible to exclude the fact that the main content is made up of oxides of aluminum, silicon and calcium, which makes it possible to predict the effective use of the opoka and marl as components of antidepressants. - ironing materials. The studies carried out and the analysis of the results obtained indicate that when using sodium salts and XNKM, there is a sharp decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. It was found that when introducing natural mineral raw materials from the Astrakhan region as an anti-icing material: sand, opoka AR and marl AR, the negative impact on the content of photosynthetic pigments is minimal. During the study, it was shown that the content of calcium ions in the biomass of leaves also varies widely; when calcium salts are added, it naturally increases due to the cumulative effect, but since the mineral raw materials of opoka and marl can exhibit adsorptive activity towards cations, the content of calcium ions decreases. Extensive research shows that the most commonly used anti-icing agents reduce the amount of photoynthetic pigments and calcium in plants.