Geomorphological engineering studies of anthropogenic variability of relief in the marine coastal zone

With the development of the coastal zone and the development of the urbanization process, coastal engineering poses a serious threat to local ecosystems. Poorly designed coastal engineering will have irreversible consequences for local ecosystems, such as loss of biodiversity, loss of connectivity and overall degradation of ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the concept of ecosystem design of coastal infrastructure. One of the most important problems of marine engineering geomorphology is the drift of approach channels and changes in the coastal relief. These phenomena are a manifestation of a single process of sediment movement along the coast. The main deformations of the relief, as a rule, are determined by the features of the transverse structure of the alongshore sediment flow. This study discussed the methodology for calculating the movement of sediments, the transformation of the relief of the coastal zone. Regional examples show in general terms the assessment of the drift rate of different channels and different sections of individual channels. The problem of drift and artificial deepening of approach channels of ports is highlighted on the example of the coastal zones of the Baltic Sea. In general, these studies can contribute to improving the development of ecosystem coastal engineering.