Subspecific Features in Maintaining the Viability of Rice Seeds and the Productivity of Their Progeny after Long-Term Low-Temperature Storage of Oryza Sativa L Germplasm

To save genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.), accumulated in the collections of genebanks and scientific institutions, various methods and modes of seed storage are used. However, in the process of long-term low-temperature storage, there is a loss of seed viability among rice samples. With the aim of a differentiated approach to the choice of conditions, methods and terms of preservation of the gene pool of "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" (Krasnodar), the viability of seeds after operational and long-term storage was studied in 1252 samples of indica and japonica subspecies of 37 varieties. The influence of the temperature regime of seed storage for 3, 5, 10 and 35 years on the viability of the intraspecific diversity of rice is shown. In uncontrolled conditions for three years the seeds lost their germination by varieties by 20-68%, and at a temperature of +4.5 ° C - by 5-13%. After 25 years of storage, the seeds of long-grain samples of the indica subspecies, as well as red-grain and awned forms, had the greatest viability. A clear relationship between grain size and its durability has not been identified. After 10 years of low-temperature storage, rice seeds give full-fledged progeny and retain plant productivity at the level of freshly harvested seeds. From the gene pool of the world rice collection, varieties with greater biological longevity of seeds were isolated.