Problems of rational varietal placement of soybean in the Amur region

The article presents an analysis of seven-year data on varietal placement of soybean in the fields of the Amur Region. The share of soybean varieties of Amur and foreign breeding and non-varietal part of seeds is shown. Emphasis is placed on the problems of not rational varietal placement of soybean. The most popular breeding varieties of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean for the last two years have been noted: Alena, Gratsiya, Dauriya, Lidiya, Nega 1, Umka. In the Amur Region, the share of soybean varieties of early-ripening group in the total sowing is 31.1%, mid-ripening – 49.6% and late-ripening – 7.6%. In most farms, a set of varieties of different groups in precocity does not correspond to hydrothermal conditions and economic opportunities. At the same time, 12-18% of soybean seeds sown in the fields of the Amur Region are not varietal. Recommendations for the rational management of soybean farming are formulated: apply varieties corresponding to the climatic and economic capabilities of the region; improve the structure of crops, where the share of soybean should not exceed more than 60%; master scientifically based crop rotation regimes providing maximum output product per unit area with preserving soil fertility; sow seeds not lower than the third reproduction; to select a set of varieties of various groups according to their precocity corresponding to hydrothermal conditions and economic potential; improve soybean seed production in the region to provide high-quality and affordable seed material to all farms.