Open AccessExtraction of Calophyllum oil as biodiesel raw material using a binary solvent
Author(s) -
Illah Sailah,
Oky Tresia Ordian Bernia,
Ika Kartika
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
iop conference series. earth and environmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.179
H-Index - 26
eISSN - 1755-1307
pISSN - 1755-1315
DOI - 10.1088/1755-1315/460/1/012001
Subject(s) - biodiesel , hexane , acid value , raw material , pulp and paper industry , extraction (chemistry) , solvent , yield (engineering) , vegetable oil , alcohol , biofuel , isoamyl alcohol , iodine value , chemistry , materials science , chromatography , waste management , organic chemistry , composite material , biochemistry , engineering , catalysis
The utilization of renewable raw material, low-cost feedstock, and efficient energy are the main parameters in sustainable biodiesel production. Calophyllum seeds are potential as a vegetable oil source for biodiesel production due to their high oil content and productivity. Calophyllum oil extraction is usually conducted by the mechanical press, but the yield and quality of oil produced by this method are very low. Calophyllum oil extraction using a binary solvent (a mixture of n -hexane and alcohol) was thus investigated to meet the aspects of sustainability and to solve the problem of mechanical extraction. The influence of extraction condition was examined to determine optimal oil yield and quality. The mixture of n-hexane and alcohol effectively extracts oil from Calophyllum seeds and simultaneously purified it from resin. The n -Hexane-to-alcohol ratio had a significant effect on oil recovery and its quality. The augmentation of the n -hexane-to-alcohol ratio from 1:1 to 2.5:1 increased oil yield. Acid value and density of oil improved as the n -hexane-to-alcohol ratio declined from 2.5:1 to 1:1. The n -Hexane-to-alcohol ratio of 2.5:1 has provided the best yield (88.0%) of oil extract at 40°C for 5 h. The oil present its best quality at 0.893 g/cm 3 of density, 41.0 mPa.s of viscosity, 8.8 mg KOH/g of acid value, 88.3 g/100 g of iodine value, < 1% of moisture content and < 0.04% of ash content.