Substantiations Use of the Specific Energy Ice Destruction for Calculation the Cyclic Ice Load Parameters to Sea Structures

In the known types of models breaking the ice at contact with the structures of used power approach of the theory of elasticity in which the time factor is not a parameter of stress-strain state of the compressed volume of ice and are not involved in description of its destruction. In the models, the unknown physical criterion of ice fracture is replaced by the pressure at the ice–structure contact boundary as a derivative of the ice strength when testing small samples. This paper, the energy approach is used, which made it possible to show the mechanism of ice destruction as a Converter of the kinetic energy of the ice field into the potential energy of elastic compression of the ice volume and elastic deflection of the structure base. The processes of accumulation of elastic energy in the specific volume of ice, mechanisms of nucleation of foci of destruction and development of cracks, are considered. It is shown that the condition for the onset of destruction is to achieve a critical value of the elastic energy density in a single volume and the specific energy of ice destruction is a regulator of ice load cycles on the structure.