Synurbic avian species in Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to reveal birds found in Greater Jakarta Area, and categorize the bird based on the probability of encounter, namely urban exploiters, adapters, and avoiders. Bird list of 36 sites in Greater Jakarta Area collected by other workers in the last seven years were used as the basis of determination. Percentiles were used as cut off points for each category. Of the 243 bird species found the study area, there were 8 species categorized as urban exploiters and the 3 highest ranks were the Sooty-headed Bulbul, Cave Swiftlets and Eurasian Tree Sparrow. Forty-nine bird species were categorized as urban adapters. The rest of species, which constitute a big portion of the species spotted in the Greater Jakarta (186 species, 76.5%) were categorized into urban avoiders. The nocturnal species was represented only by Black-crowned Night-heron. The presence of species exploiters and adapters showed that (a) Greater Jakarta Area still have sufficient green open spaces, including significant numbers of mature and decayed trees; (b) there were still good quality of small rivers, creeks, and swampy area; (c) small mammals were sufficient to support small raptors, and (d) bird community was quite rich to perform brood parasitism habit.