Open AccessGreenhouse gas emission estimations for Depok’s (West Java, Indonesia) middle-class household water end-uses
Author(s) -
R P Adriani,
Gabriel Andari Kristanto,
Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
iop conference series. earth and environmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.179
H-Index - 26
eISSN - 1755-1307
pISSN - 1755-1315
DOI - 10.1088/1755-1315/423/1/012042
Subject(s) - greenhouse gas , environmental science , per capita , water use , energy consumption , environmental engineering , agricultural economics , consumption (sociology) , engineering , economics , population , ecology , social science , demography , sociology , electrical engineering , biology
The rising concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) is highly associated with climate change. Previous studies showed that end-use household water consumption contributes 58% of the total GHG emissions from the water sector. We attempted to calculate the GHG emissions associated with household water end-uses from an area that uses groundwater as the main water source. Data were collected from 100 households in the Cinere subdistrict of Depok, West Java. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted to obtain data related to each type of water end-use consumption and energy consumption from water appliance usage. Existing GHG emissions were calculated based on the water and energy consumption data. The results showed that the average end-use household water consumption for the study area was 214.3 liters per capita per day. The GHG emission associated with household water end-uses was found to be 0.379 kg CO 2 per capita per day and mainly resulted from water heating. Two intervention scenarios to minimize GHG emissions were evaluated. The first scenario—retrofitting water-related appliances and exhibiting water-conscious behavior—could reduce GHG emissions by 1%, whereas the second scenario—replacing electric and gas water heaters to solar water heaters—could reduce emissions by 66%.