Selection of bacteria capable of biodegradation of organic nitrogen-containing compounds and metagenomic analysis of their living environment

Samples of karst lakes, rivers, industrial effluents, and natural soil were studied for selection of bacteria for biodegradation. A metagenomic analysis of the used natural and man-modified media was carried out. It has been established that the most unique are the compositions of the metagenomes of natural karst reservoirs, as well as microcenoses of industrial effluents. Most of the detected bacteria belong to Proteobacteria. As a result of selection, strains of microorganisms with high activity of nitrocellulose biodegradation, aromatic nitrates, quinoline derivatives and amides were obtained. In particular, Pseudomonas strains and R. erythropolis, effectively utilizing nitrobenzenes, nitrocellulose, quinolines, which were isolated from industrial effluents. At the same time, Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the natural karst lake, which quickly utilized the nitrocellulose. It was also found that natural soils contain a large number of prokaryotes that can utilize organic nitrates. The results confirm the view that natural environments, due to high metabolic diversity, are the richest source of producers of a wide variety of enzymes. An obvious reason for the proliferation of the metabolic systems of technogenic pollutants in natural environments is the presence in natural environments of some quantities of their structural analogues - nitrogen-containing plant metabolites and soil microflora, as well as lignin decomposition products.