Assessment of the integrated palinotoxic effect of ecotoxicants on microhametophyte Vitis vinifera L.

The article presents information of the study of the complex effects of heavy metals and residual dose of pesticides on the male generative organs of populations of Vitis vinifera L. growing in agricultural areas of Crimea with varying degrees of pollution and located along highways with different road traffic. The control possibility is populations growing up on plantations which located at a considerable distance from highways. In the soil samples of these areas, residual amounts of pesticides (baileton, BI-58, insegar) were found, the content of which didn’t exceed the established sanitary and hygienic standards. A microgametophyte test of V. vinifera L. populations growing in agricultural areas whose soils are contaminated with heavy metals and pesticide residues revealed reduced production of fertile pollen compared to the control zone and background, significantly decreasing with increasing concentrations of ecotoxicants. Morphometric analysis of abortive pollen grains revealed an increase in their size, with the largest number found in more polluted areas. Increased production of large sterile pollen may indicate an adverse effect of heavy metals and pesticides on the generative organs of grapes and microsporogenesis occurring in them. It was found that pollutants in the background and in the Bakhchisarai district (low load) had a mildly toxic effect, in Alushta (medium load) and Simferopol district (high load) – a medium toxic effect of microgametophyte V. vinifera L. Thus, heavy metals and pesticide residues can form more toxic combine.