Open AccessTime series analyses for predicting the water quality and river discharge at Al-Kufa river in Iraq
Author(s) -
Ali Mohsen Hayder,
Hussein Abdulmuttaleb Alikhan,
Ayam J. Jihad
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of physics. conference series
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.21
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1742-6596
pISSN - 1742-6588
DOI - 10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012177
Subject(s) - water quality , environmental science , hydrology (agriculture) , potassium , nitrate , chemistry , geology , ecology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , biology
In this study, raw water samples collected from Al-Kufa River station in Al-Kufa city, Iraq were monitored and tested monthly from 2013 to 2017. Chemical and time series analyses were performed on 13 water quality parameters, the river discharge (Q), and water surface elevation (WSE). These water quality parameters were the magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate ([PO4]3-), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, water temperature (Temp), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness (TH). Regression was used to examine the relationships between the concentrations of the assayed water quality parameters and river discharge. The theoretical models best-fitted with the assayed parameters were evaluated by two tests, the Kolmogorov⁃Smirnov (K⁃S) test and the chi-squared (χ2) test. The relation between the concentrations of the assayed parameters and river discharge was moderate (r-value is between 0.5-0.95) for the parameters EC, TDS, Ca, Cl, Na, and WSE while weaker correlation resul for the other parameters (r<0.5). Equations with second order provided a superior characterization for most of the parameters for which trends were detected, and the river discharge was the unique parameter showing an upward trend based on the nonparametric Spearman’s criterion. Together, the time series analyses and trend detection would help to forecast the safety of water at Al-Kufa station for human consumption.