Preface

The 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering (ICMAA 2021) which would have taken place in Singapore, from February 26-28, 2021, will instead be held virtually due to the precaution taken to minimizing the COVID-19 risk. The safety and well-being of all conference participants is our first and top priority, while we strive to offer many scholars and researchers this long-awaited conference to conduct academic exchanges with their peers. The COVID-19 virus has made our life very challenging, but we want to reiterate that there are no barriers to science, as we continue to do our research works via modern technical means. The ICMAA 2021 has selected Zoom as the virtual platform. Each presenter will be given a 15-minute talk and followed by a short discussion afterward. Before the conference, all of the authors were encouraged to submit a video as a backup in case of unexpected technical problems. The submitted papers were reviewed by leading scientists in the areas of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, and evaluated in accordance with their originality, innovation, technical merit and applicability. This year, the ICMAA 2021 program consists of many high-quality articles coming from several different countries around the world. We are grateful to the authors and the participants, as they are the key components for making possible this excellent forum to exchange research results and ideas. We also would like to express our sincere gratitude to our colleagues who have kindly volunteered their time and effort in the paper review. Special thanks go to the conference organizers and session chairs for their devotions in developing a strong technical program and enjoyable virtual experiences. It is our hope that the proceedings of ICMAA 2021 will result in increased collaboration among researchers in the fields and help in facilitating fruitful cross-disciplinary ideas. As always, we look forward to your continuing support of this and future ICMAA. Finally, we wish all of you good health and every success! Conference Chairs of ICMAA2021 Prof. KHOO Boo Cheong, National University of Singapore, Singapore Prof. Jia-Yush Yen, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan List of Conference Committees are available in this pdf.