Developing investigation group learning model based on Marzano instructional framework to promote students’ higher order thinking skill

Higher order thinking skill is one of the skills that must be possessed by 21 st century students. The purposes of this study are to develop a conceptual model of investigation group learning model based on Marzano’s instructional framework and to analyze the design and validation of the learning model. The approach used in this study was Research and Development (R&D). Then, observations, questionnaire, interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used as the data collection techniques. The results of validity test showed that the investigation group learning model based on Marzano’s instructional framework is valid and relevant to be applied in social studies learning at junior high school level to improve students’ higher order thinking skills. In addition to obtaining a conceptual learning model, this development also created learning instruments, namely syllabus, lesson plan, teaching materials, observation sheet of critical and creative thinking skills, and test of critical and creative thinking skills that can be used in social studies learning at junior high school level especially on the material of Plurality. Considering that the purpose of education in general is to improve students’ skills, so the investigation group learning model based on Marzano’s instructional framework can present effective learning criteria.