Oral supplementation of the Extract of Fish oil to reduce fasting blood Glucose and Endothel damage but not Malondialdehyde level in diabetic male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

The main target of hyperglycaemia is endothelial dysfunction involving pathways; protein kinase activation, hexosamine activation, polyol activation, and Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) formation, trigger reactive radical superoxide (O2•-) to stress oxidative. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an end product of lipid peroxidation in body and is an indicator of oxidant-antioxidant level in diabetic patients. Fish oil composing mostly omega 3 as an antioxidant can reduce oxidative stress and hyperglycaemic condition. This study aimed to investigated the effects of omega-3-rich fish oil in lowering blood sugar levels, inhibiting oxidative stress and aortic endothelial cell damage in diabetic rat models. This study was an experimental study using post-test only control group design. Thirty-two rats divided into two study groups (n = 16 individuals per group), including the diabetic rat’s group (as control) and the diabetic rats group given fish oil doses of 300 mg/kilogram body weight/day. Provision of fish oil was performed for 28 days used Blackmores® fish oil. Blood sugar and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. The number of aortic endothelial cells was analyzed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Comparability test showed that the average number of fasting blood glucose level after treatment in both groups showed highly significant differences (p=0.00). Although MDA level was reduced in treatment group than control group, but statistically not significantly difference, p=0.43. Comparability test showed that average of endothelial cell between control and treatment group significantly different (p=0.00). It was concluded that fish oil supplementation containing omega-3 in diabetic rats can lower blood glucose level and can inhibit endothelial cell damage.