Open AccessBidirectional low temperature networks in urban districts: A novel design methodology based on mathematical optimization
Author(s) -
Marco Wirtz,
Lukas Kivilip,
Peter Remmen,
Dirk Müller
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of physics. conference series
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.21
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1742-6596
pISSN - 1742-6588
DOI - 10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012111
Subject(s) - hvac , chiller , work (physics) , heat exchanger , passive cooling , efficient energy use , cooling load , environmental science , architectural engineering , automotive engineering , civil engineering , thermal , air conditioning , engineering , mechanical engineering , electrical engineering , meteorology , physics , thermodynamics
Bidirectional low temperature networks (BLTN) are a sustainable and energy efficient concept to supply urban districts with heating and cooling. In this work, we present a linear program (LP) for designing BLTNs. Based on a superstructure, the optimal energy conversion units are selected and sized for each building connected to the network and an energy hub. The superstructure of HVAC systems in buildings comprises heat pumps, electric boilers, thermal storages, compression chillers, cooling towers and heat exchangers for direct cooling with the BLTN. Within a case study, the LP is applied to a district with 17 buildings on a research campus in Germany. The performance of the BLTN is compared to a heating and cooling supply by individual HVAC systems for each building. With a BLTN, the total annualized costs can be reduced by 42 % and the CO 2 emissions by 56 %, compared to stand-alone HVAC systems.