Open AccessNonlinear gyrokinetic predictions of SPARC burning plasma profiles enabled by surrogate modeling
Author(s) -
P. Rodriguez-Fernandez,
Nathan Howard,
J. Candy
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
nuclear fusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.774
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1741-4326
pISSN - 0029-5515
DOI - 10.1088/1741-4326/ac64b2
Subject(s) - nonlinear system , physics , gyrokinetics , plasma , tokamak , electron temperature , turbulence , kinetic energy , computational physics , statistical physics , electron , diffusion , mechanics , nuclear physics , thermodynamics , classical mechanics , quantum mechanics
Multi-channel, nonlinear predictions of core temperature and density profiles are performed for the SPARC tokamak accounting for both kinetic neoclassical and fully nonlinear gyro-kinetic turbulent fluxes. A series of flux-tube, nonlinear, electromagnetic simulations using the CGYRO code with six gyrokinetic species are coupled to a nonlinear optimizer using Gaussian Process regression techniques. The simultaneous evolution of energy sources, including alpha heat, radiation, and energy exchange, coupled with these high fidelity models and techniques, leads to a converged solution in electron temperature, ion temperature and electron density channels with a minimal number of expensive gyrokinetic simulations without compromising accuracy.