Open AccessWork relation in instantaneous-equilibrium transition of forward and reverse processes
Author(s) -
John A. C. Albay,
Chulan Kwon,
PikYin Lai,
Yonggun Jun
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
new journal of physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.584
H-Index - 190
ISSN - 1367-2630
DOI - 10.1088/1367-2630/abce78
Subject(s) - quasistatic process , physics , work (physics) , non equilibrium thermodynamics , brownian motion , statistical physics , harmonic , generalization , harmonic potential , process (computing) , classical mechanics , mathematical analysis , quantum mechanics , mathematics , computer science , operating system
Realizing quasistatic processes in finite times requires additional control parameters to keep the system in instantaneous equilibrium (ieq). However, the finite-rate ieq transition of the reverse process is not just the time-reversal of the ieq forward process due to the odd-parity of controlling parameters. We theoretically show a work relation that the dissipated work of the ieq transition of the forward process is the same as that of the corresponding reverse process. The work relation can be interpreted as a generalization of equilibrium (quasistatic) processes. The work relation and the associated statistics of nonequilibrium work are experimentally confirmed in three different Brownian systems: the time-varying harmonic and non-harmonic potentials and the Brownian harmonic transport, which are manipulated by the optical feedback trap.