Focus on Photoemission and Electronic Structure

Around the turn of the last century the scientific community was puzzled byexperiments on the photoelectric effect reported in 1887 by Hertz. In 1905 Einsteingave the astonishing explanation in one blow: the light is quantized. This was thebeginning of quantum theory and resulted in Einstein being awarded the Nobel Prize in1921. It was however not until the 1960s that the photoelectric effect started tobecome a tool in research laboratories for basic science. The access to new, sensitive electronic equipment and ultrahigh vacuum, together withmore powerful computational physics, quickly saw photoelectron spectroscopy developinto a useful scientific technique. Soon sophisticated variants of the methodappeared. In particular the use of synchrotron radiation led to the tunability of thelight wavelength and the use of polarized radiation. In addition an enormous increasein brightness was obtained by using electron storage rings with undulators. Many newextensions have now been added, including detection of the spin and emission angle ofthe electrons. Today photoemission is one of the major tools for detailed investigations of theelectronic structure of matter and contributes heavily to our understanding of theproperties of matter. For example it provides the complete set of quantum numbers forelectrons in a solid and has been referred to as the `smoking gun' for solvingdifficult puzzles in condensed matter physics. This celebratory Focus Issue on the application of the photoelectric effect inscience shows examples of the rich variety of applications of the phenomenonexplained by Einstein one hundred years ago. Focus on Photoemission and Electronic Structure Contents Photoemission spectroscopy—from earlydays to recent applications Friedrich Reinert and Stefan Hüfner On the extraction of the self-energy fromangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Adam Kaminski and Helen M Fretwell Self-energy determination andelectron–phonon coupling on Bi(110) C Kirkegaard, T K Kim and Ph Hofmann Metal–insulator transition inone-dimensional In-chains on Si(111): combination of a soft shear distortion and adouble-band Peierls instability C González, J Ortega and F Flores One-dimensional versus two-dimensionalelectronic states in vicinal surfaces J E Ortega, M Ruiz-Osés, J Cordón, A Mugarza, J Kuntze and FSchiller Correlation in low-dimensional electronicstates on metal surfaces A Menzel, Zh Zhang, M Minca, Th Loerting, C Deisl and E Bertel Momentum-resolved dynamics of Ar/Cu(1 00) interface states probed by time-resolved two-photon photoemission M Rohleder, K Duncker, W Berthold, J Güdde and U Höfer Site-specific electronic structure of anoligo-ethylenedioxythiophene derivative probed by resonantphotoemission W Osikowicz, R Friedlein, M P de Jong, S L Sorensen, L Groenendaal and W RSalaneck High-resolution ARPES study ofquasi-particles in high-T c superconductors T Takahashi, T Sato, H Matsui and K Terashima Photoemission as a probe of coexistingand conflicting periodicities in low-dimensional solids M Grioni, Ch R Ast, D Pacilé, M Papagno, H Berger and L Perfetti Activated adsorption of methane on Pt(1 11) —an in situ XPS study T Fuhrmann, M Kinne, B Tränkenschuh, C Papp, J F Zhu, R Denecke and H-PSteinrück Electronic structure of the Si(1 11):GaSe van der Waals-like surface termination Reiner Rudolph, Christian Pettenkofer, Aaron A Bostwick, Jonathan A Adams,Fumio Ohuchi, Marjorie A Olmstead, Bengt Jaeckel, Andreas Klein and WolframJaegermann Can circular dichroism in core-levelphotoemission provide a spectral fingerprint of adsorbed chiralmolecules? F Allegretti, M Polcik, D I Sayago, F Demirors, S O'Brien, G Nisbet, C L ALamont and D P Woodruff Elastic scattering in image-potentialbands observed by two-photon photoemission K Boger, Th Fauster and M Weinelt Spin-polarized surface state of MnSb(0 00 1) O Rader, M Lezaic, S Blügel, A Fujimori, A Kimura, N Kamakura, A Kakizaki, SMiyanishi and H Akinaga Evolution of electronic structure inCa 2- x Sr x RuO 4 observed by photoemission Shancai Wang and Hong Ding Ultrafast electron dynamics studied withtime-resolved two-photon photoemission: intra- and interband scattering inC 6 F 6 /Cu(1 1 1) P S Kirchmann, P A Loukakos, U Bovensiepen and M Wolf Electron states and the spin density wavephase diagram in Cr(1 1 0) films Eli Rotenberg, B K Freelon, H Koh, A Bostwick, K Rossnagel, Andreas Schmidand S D Kevan Photoemission study of S adsorption onGaAs (0 0 1) T Strasser, L Kipp, M Skibowski and W Schattke Combining GW calculations withexact-exchange density-functional theory: an analysis of valence-bandphotoemission for compound semiconductors Patrick Rinke, Abdallah Qteish, Jörg Neugebauer, Christoph Freysoldt andMatthias Scheffler Role of site selectivity, dimensionality,and strong correlations in angle-resolved photoemission from cupratesuperconductors A Bansil, M Lindroos, S Sahrakorpi and R S Markiewicz Franz Himpsel, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Per-Olof Nilsson, ChalmersUniversity of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden