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The continuously increasing demand for faster data traffic of our telecommunication devices requires new and better materials and devices that operate at higher frequencies than today. In this work, a porous composite of silica nanoshells and cellulose nanofibers is demonstrated as a suitable candidate of dielectric substrates to be used in future 6G frequency bands. The hollow nanospheres of amorphous SiO 2  with outstanding electromagnetic properties were obtained by a template-assisted Stöber process, in which a thin shell of silica is grown on polystyrene nanospheres first, and then the polymer core is burned off in a subsequent step. To be able to produce substrates with sufficient mechanical integrity, the nanoshells of SiO2 were reinforced with cellulose nanofibers resulting in a porous composite of very low mass density (0.19 ± 0.02 g cm −3 ), which is easy to press and mold to form films or slabs. The low relative dielectric permittivity ( ε r  = 1.19 ± 0.01 at 300 GHz and  ε r  = 1.17 ± 0.01 at 2.0 THz) and corresponding loss tangent (tan  δ = 0.011 ± 0.001 at 300 GHz and tan  δ  = 0.011 ± 0.001 at 2.0 THz) of the composite films are exploited in substrates for radio frequency filter structures designed for 300 GHz operation.

Ultra-low permittivity porous silica-cellulose nanocomposite substrates for 6G telecommunication