Open AccessHybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces
Author(s) -
Zeinab Ramezani,
Kyung Jin Seo,
Hui Fang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of micromechanics and microengineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.494
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1361-6439
pISSN - 0960-1317
DOI - 10.1088/1361-6439/abeb30
Subject(s) - microsystem , microscale chemistry , brain–computer interface , neural engineering , computer science , interface (matter) , neural prosthesis , artificial neural network , materials science , neuroscience , nanotechnology , engineering , artificial intelligence , biomedical engineering , electroencephalography , mathematics education , mathematics , bubble , maximum bubble pressure method , parallel computing , biology
Neural interfaces bridge the nervous system and the outside world by recording and stimulating neurons. Combining electrical and optical modalities in a single, hybrid neural interface system could lead to complementary and powerful new ways to explore the brain. It has gained robust and exciting momentum recently in neuroscience and neural engineering research. Here, we review developments in the past several years aiming to achieve such hybrid electrical and optical microsystem platforms. Specifically, we cover three major categories of technological advances: transparent neuroelectrodes, optical neural fibers with electrodes, and neural probes/grids integrating electrodes and microscale light-emitting diodes. We discuss examples of these probes tailored to combine electrophysiological recording with optical imaging or optical neural stimulation of the brain and possible directions of future innovation.