Open AccessThe nature of cell division forces in epithelial monolayers
Author(s) -
Vivek Gupta,
Sungmin Nam,
Donghyun Yim,
Jaclyn Camuglia,
Jeffrey A. Martin,
Erin Sanders,
Lucy Erin O’Brien,
Adam C. Martin,
Taeyoon Kim,
Ovijit Chaudhuri
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the journal of cell biology/the journal of cell biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.414
H-Index - 380
eISSN - 1540-8140
pISSN - 0021-9525
DOI - 10.1083/jcb.202011106
Subject(s) - cell division , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , mitosis , division (mathematics) , elongation , cytoplasm , cytokinesis , cell , genetics , materials science , arithmetic , mathematics , ultimate tensile strength , metallurgy
Epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes during division to ensure proper segregation of genetic and cytoplasmic materials. These morphological changes occur despite dividing cells being mechanically restricted by neighboring cells, indicating the need for extracellular force generation. Beyond driving cell division itself, forces associated with division have been implicated in tissue-scale processes, including development, tissue growth, migration, and epidermal stratification. While forces generated by mitotic rounding are well understood, forces generated after rounding remain unknown. Here, we identify two distinct stages of division force generation that follow rounding: (1) Protrusive forces along the division axis that drive division elongation, and (2) outward forces that facilitate postdivision spreading. Cytokinetic ring contraction of the dividing cell, but not activity of neighboring cells, generates extracellular forces that propel division elongation and contribute to chromosome segregation. Forces from division elongation are observed in epithelia across many model organisms. Thus, division elongation forces represent a universal mechanism that powers cell division in confining epithelia.