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Substrate selection by class III adenylyl cyclases and guanylyl cyclases
Author(s) -
Linder Jürgen U.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1080/15216540500415636
Subject(s) - chemistry , biochemistry , substrate specificity , substrate (aquarium) , selection (genetic algorithm) , enzyme , stereochemistry , biology , computer science , ecology , artificial intelligence
The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are of central importance in signal transduction pathways. To assure pathway specificity adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases are highly selective for their substrates, ATP and GTP, respectively. The universal class III cyclases are equipped with a variety of purine‐binding modes, which have been identified by structure determination and mutagenesis. Most selection mechanisms rely on a pair of residues which form hydrogen bonds to N1 and the N6‐amino or O6‐keto group of adenine and guanine, respectively. Furthermore, selection is supported by hydrogen bonds involving the peptide backbone and by constraints imposed by hydrophobic side‐chains.