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The Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanisms and Implications in Human Pathology
Author(s) -
Lenaz Giorgio
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1080/15216540152845957
Subject(s) - reactive oxygen species , mitochondrion , dihydroorotate dehydrogenase , mitochondrial ros , respiratory chain , superoxide , intermembrane space , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , mitochondrial respiratory chain , glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , chemistry , electron transport chain , mitochondrial intermembrane space , dehydrogenase , mitochondrial matrix , oxygen , biology , enzyme , cytosol , bacterial outer membrane , organic chemistry , escherichia coli , gene
Mitochondria are major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS); the main sites of superoxide radical production in the respiratory chain are Complexes III and I; however, other mitochondrial enzymes, such as Complex II, glycerol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, are also involved in production of ROS. ROS appear to be released both in the matrix and in the intermembrane space; however, their appearance outside the mitochondria may not be physiologically relevant. ROS production is increased in State 4 and in all conditions when the respiratory components are substantially in the reduced form. Accordingly, defects inducing decrease of electron transfer in the respiratory chain, as in many pathological conditions, are bound to enhance ROS production.